East House, Great Smeaton, Yorks

 

Spotted in Country Life - The East House in Great Smeaton, Yorkshire, is thoroughly modernised within but dates from about 1735

Qianlong Emperor

The Qing dynasty (1644-1912) was the last imperial dynasty of China. During the Qing peirod, which lasted almost 270 years, China experienced unprecedented wealth and stability, and cosmopolitan culture flourished.

The Qianlong Emperor (1711-1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth emperor of the dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He reigned officially from 1735 until his abdication and retired in 1796, but retained ultimate power subsequently until his death in 1799, making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in history as well as one of the longest-lived.

The fourth and favourite son of the Yongzheng Emperor, Qianlong ascended the throne in 1735. A highly ambitious military leader, he led a series of campaigns into Inner Asia, Burma, Nepal and Vietnam and suppressed rebellions in Jinchuan and Taiwan. The most significant of his campaigns were directed against the Dzungars, bringing Xinjiang under Qing rule. During his lifetime, he was given the deified title Emperor Manjushri by the Qing's Tibetan subjects. Domestically, Qianlong was a major patron of the arts as well as a prolific writer. He sponsored the compilation of the Siku Quanshu (Complete Library of the Four Treasuries), the largest collection ever made of Chinese history, while also overseeing extensive literary inquisitions that led to the suppression of some 3,100 works.

Anonymous Diary

The oldest diary in the Great Diary Project collection is an anonymous one for the years 1735 and 1736 They describe it as a chance acquisition. The diary has been donated to the Bishopgate Institute and is described as a pair of small, unprepossessing volumes, which contain an account of someone’s religious activities in the years 1735 and 1736. In minute handwriting, the writer documents a number of sermons he or she attended during those years. Meticulously recorded for each sermon are the date, location, preacher, text(s) and arguments. Most of the sermons were preached by Peter Goodwin (c 1684-1747), minister at the non-conformist chapel at Ropemaker’s Alley, Moorfields, in the City of London, a congregation which later moved to nearby Aldermanbury Postern. Thanks to the Great Diary Project, and to what they call the chance survival of this diary, this fascinating document is now be available as a source for researchers interested in the history of religion in the 18th century.

Samuel Checkley's Diary

Samuel Checkley (1695-1769) was the pastor of the New South Church in Boston, Massachusetts. His diary notes from a 1735 almanac is extant. The annual Thanksgiving Day for 1735 came on Thursday, November 13, and Checkley notes that he preached all day. He also records that July 4 was Commencement at Cambridge and that it was a rainy day with a northeast wind. That life in the days of the horse and the chaise was not without its excitements and even dangers, is shown by an accident that is thus recorded in the Weekly Journal of Monday, July 7: On Friday last the Day of the Commencement at Cambridge, a Person belonging to Milton, being mounted on his Horse, and riding homewards, was met by a Chaise which run against his Leg, and broke the same so dangerously, that his Life is in great hazzard.

Birth of Magician Jacob Philadelphia

Jacob Philadelphia was a magician, physicist, mechanic, juggler, astrologer, alchemist and Kabbalist. Born in 1734 or 1735, his birth name was Jacob Meyer. He was born in Wulfen but claimed to have been born in Philadelphia. Dr Christopher Witt, the associate of Johannes Kelpius, was chiefly responsible for his education. Meyer's patron in England was Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, for whom he performed astrology, magic and alchemy.

When he converted to Christianity, he took the name of Jacob Philadelphia in homage to the home city of American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin. He was also known by the names Meyer Philadelphia and Philadelphus Philadelphia. Meyer became a member of the occult Rosicrucian order. After the death of his patron in 1756, he began to perform in public, exhibiting his skills in Ireland, Portugal and Spain. In 1771, he performed in St. Petersburg for Catherine the Great. Also, in Constantinople, he had Sultan Mustapha III as an audience. The year 1773 found him chasing away ghosts for Holy Roman Emperor Kaiser Joseph II, in Vienna at a charge of 300 Thalers. In Potsdam and Berlin, he had difficulty with Friedrich the Great, who was alarmed after Meyer read his mind. Friedrich was also averse to Meyer's Rosicrucianism and subsequently banished the magician from Prussia.

In James Randi's view, Meyer was probably the "first American-born ... magician to attain any fame". He was an early pioneer of phantasmagoria, a performance magic show with a focus on the appearance of ghostly figures. His shows involved "magic lantern, mirror effects and various magnetic and electrical (usually high-voltage) demonstrations."

The Little Treatise on Strange and Suitable Feats was written by Meyer in 1774. In 1758, he toured England. Although he presented himself as being a scientist, many took him for a magician. In 1777 he refused to lecture in Göttingen because of an extravagant, satirical poster campaign by Georg Christoph Lichtenberg who libelled him as being a magician and miracle-worker. Among other things, the poster was designed to make people think that they would be forced into harmful situations if they attended the lecture. Lichtenberg's Avertissement placard became widely known and damaged Meyer's career. His final lecture was given in 1781 in Switzerland. In 1783, he made a business proposition involving the use of occult powers to Frederick the Great, who declined the offer.

Meyer retired to Köthen, Germany, and died there at the turn of the century.

A biographical novel has been written by Marion Philadelphia in German about the life of Jacob Philadelphia. Its title is Der Gaukler der Könige (The Conjurer of Kings).

Birth of Paul Revere

Paul Revere was born on January 1, 1735 (or December 21, 1734 old style). He died in 1818. He was an American silversmith, engraver and folk hero, an early industrialist, Sons of Liberty member and Patriot. He is best known for his midnight ride to alert the colonial militia in April 1775 of the approach of British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord, as dramatised in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's 1861 poem, "Paul Revere's Ride".

At age 41, Revere was a prosperous, established and prominent Boston silversmith. He had helped organise an intelligence and alarm system to keep watch on the British military. Revere later served as a Massachusetts militia officer, though his service ended after the Penobscot Expedition, one of the most disastrous campaigns of the American Revolutionary War, for which he was absolved of blame.

Following the war, Revere returned to his silversmith trade. He used the profits from his expanding business to finance his work in iron casting, bronze bell and cannon casting and the forging of copper bolts and spikes. In 1800 he became the first American to successfully roll copper into sheets for use as sheathing on naval vessels.

Johnson begins work on his dictionary

It was in 1735 that Samuel Johnson began work on his famous "Dictionary of the English Language": that eventually appeared in 1755. The dictionary played a crucial role in standardising the English language and remains an influential reference work.

Rare musical table clock

 

This rare 18th Century George II Musical Table Clock by Matthew King, was made around 1735 and is considered tio be wirth more than £24k.

Shakespeare's Head, Carnaby Street, London

The sign outside the Shakespeare's Head pub in Carnaby Street claims the inn was established on the site in 1735 and was named after the owners, Thomas and John Shakespeare, who claimed to be distant relations of their famous namesake. Nothing of the original establishment remains – the building which stands today is late nineteenth-century (albeit in a Tudor style). There are apparrently many Shakespeare's Head pubs in London - others can be found in Holborn, the City, Kingsway, Finsbury and Forest Hill.

Death John Ellis Welsh Antiquarian

John Ellis (1674 – 1735) was a Welsh priest and antiquarian who died in July 1735. He was the second son of Thomas Ellis, from Llandegwning, Llŷn. He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating 31 March 1690 aged 16. He obtained his BA 1693 and MA 1696. He was also appointed a Fellow of Jesus College 1696, holding this position until 1713. In 1703, he obtained the degree of BD. He was ordained deacon 7 September 1707, with his ordination to the priesthood taking place 4 July 1708. He was then appointed rector of Llandwrog on 30 September 1710; in the same year, he was made a Canon of Bangor Cathedral. In 1713, he was made prebend of Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd and surrendered his position at Bangor Cathedral. On 24 July 1719, he became rector of Llanbedr-y-cennin and vicar of Caerhun. His wife, Catherine (whom he married on 13 May 1720), was the step-sister of Humphrey Humphreys, Bishop of Bangor 1689-1701. Only one of their children survived infancy, also called John, becoming vicar of Bangor. Ellis had a particular interest in antiquarian matters and assisted with Browne Willis's work A Survey of the Cathedral Church of Bangor in 1721, as Willis acknowledged. Ellis himself died at Llanbedr-y-cennin and was buried in the parish on 12 July 1735.

Birth of Margaret Clive

Margaret Clive, Baroness Clive, (née Maskelyne) was born 26 October 1735 (she died 28 December 1817). She was a British society figure. She went out to India to meet an admirer and married (in 1753) a military hero, Robert Clive (1725-1774). She was in Bengal as their family became incredibly wealthy. When they returned to England the aristocracy did not welcome "new money".

The War of the Polish Succession

Augustus III

The War of the Polish Succession (Wojna o sukcesję polską; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of their own national interests. France and Spain, the two Bourbon powers, attempted to test the power of the Austrian Habsburgs in western Europe, as did the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst Saxony and Russia mobilised to support the eventual Polish victor. The war resulted in the accession of Augustus III, who in addition to Russia and Saxony, was politically supported by the Habsburgs.

The war's major military campaigns and battles occurred outside Poland. The Bourbons, supported by Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, moved against isolated Habsburg territories. In the Rhineland, France successfully took the Duchy of Lorraine, and in Italy, Spain regained control over the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily (lost in the War of the Spanish Succession), while territorial gains in northern Italy were limited despite bloody campaigning. Great Britain's unwillingness to support Habsburg Austria demonstrated the weakness of the Anglo-Austrian Alliance.

Though a preliminary peace was reached in 1735, the war only formally ended with the Treaty of Vienna (1738), confirming Augustus III king of Poland, his opponent Stanislaus I being awarded the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar, then both fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire. Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, was given the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in compensation for the loss of Lorraine. The Duchy of Parma went to Austria whereas Charles of Parma took the crowns of Naples and Sicily. Most of the territorial gains were in favour of the Bourbons, as the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar went from being fiefs of the HRE to that of France, while the Spanish Bourbons gained two new kingdoms in the form of Naples and Sicily. The Austrian Habsburgs, for their part, received two Italian duchies in return, though Parma would soon revert to Bourbon control, Tuscany would be held by the Habsburgs until the Napoleonic era.

The war proved disastrous for Polish independence, and re-affirmed that the affairs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including the election of the King himself, would be controlled by the other great powers of Europe. After Augustus III, there would only be one more king of Poland, Stanislaus II August, himself a puppet of the Russians. Ultimately Poland would be divided up by its neighbours and cease to exist as a sovereign state by the end of the 18th century. Poland also surrendered claims to Livonia and direct control over the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, which, although remaining a Polish fief, was not integrated into Poland proper and came under strong Russian influence which only ended with the fall of the Russian Empire, 1917.